bellow resume for install squid 3.1.19 at slackware 13.37
download from http://www.squid-cache.org/Versions/v3/3.1/
#tar -xvf squid-3.1.19.tar.gz
#./configure
#make all
#make install
#groupadd proxy
#useradd proxy -g proxy -d /usr/local/squid -s /usr/bin/nologin
#mkdir /cache
#chown -R proxy.proxy /cache
# scp 192.168.1.191:/sdb/Docu/gudang/malang/squid.conf /usr/local/squid/etc/
you can create your own squid.conf see the create squid.conf
#scp 192.168.1.191:/root/gudang/rc.squid /etc/rc.d/
or create rc.squid bellow
#chown -R proxy.proxy /cache
#chmod a+w /cache
#useradd squid
#/usr/local/squid/sbin/squid -z
#cd /usr/local/squid/var/
#chmod -R a+w logs
#cd logs
#chown squid cache.log
#/etc/rc.d/rc.squid start
#ps -ax | grep squid
create rc.squid
#cd /etc/rc.d/
#nano rc.squid
copy this text at your rc.squid :
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/bin/sh
# Start/stop/restart/reload the Squid Internet Object Cache (squid)
# To make Squid start automatically at boot, make this
# file executable: chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/rc.Squid
#
# Written for Slackware Linux by Erik Jan Tromp
# Modified by David Somero <xgizzmo@slackbuilds.org>
SQUIDCFG=/usr/local/squid/etc/squid.conf
SQUIDCMD=/usr/local/squid/sbin/squid
if [ ! -r $SQUIDCFG ]; then
echo "Please set the correct path to $SQUIDCFG"
exit 1
fi
if [ ! -x $SQUIDCMD ]; then
echo "$SQUIDCMD not found"
exit 1
fi
squid_start() {
# Create cache directory hierarchy if needed
ALL_DIRS=$(awk '/^cache_dir/ {print $3}' $SQUIDCFG)
[ -z "$ALL_DIRS" ] && ALL_DIRS=/var/cache/squid
for CACHE_DIR in $ALL_DIRS ; do
if [ ! -d $CACHE_DIR/00 ] ; then
echo "Creating swap directories: $SQUIDCMD -z"
$SQUIDCMD -z 2> /dev/null
break
fi
done
echo "Starting Squid: $SQUIDCMD -SDYCF"
$SQUIDCMD -SDYCF
}
squid_stop() {
COUNTDOWN=$(awk '/^shutdown_lifetime/ {print $2}' $SQUIDCFG)
[ -z "$COUNTDOWN" ] && COUNTDOWN=5
echo -n "Shutting down Squid in $COUNTDOWN seconds: "
$SQUIDCMD -k shutdown 2> /dev/null
while $SQUIDCMD -k check 2> /dev/null ; do
sleep 1
echo -n .
COUNTDOWN=$[ $COUNTDOWN - 1 ]
if [ $COUNTDOWN -le 0 ] ; then
$SQUIDCMD -k interrupt 2> /dev/null
sleep 1
break
fi
done
echo
}
squid_restart() {
squid_stop
sleep 1
squid_start
}
squid_reload() {
$SQUIDCMD -k reconfigure 2> /dev/null
}
case "$1" in
'start')
squid_start
;;
'stop')
squid_stop
;;
'restart')
squid_restart
;;
'reload')
squid_reload
;;
*)
echo "usage: $0 start|stop|restart|reload"
esac
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#chmod a+x rc.squid
for start up squid at boot server linux
add this line at /etc/rc.d/rc.local
"/etc/rc.d/rc.squid start"
#nano /etc/rc.d/rc.local
/etc/rc.d/rc.squid start
to start your proxy
#/etc/rc.d/rc.squid start
to stop your proxy
#/etc/rc.d/rc.squid stop
to reload your proxy after reconfigure your squid.conf
#/etc/rc.d/rc.squid reload
===============================================
for any error see cache.log
#nano /usr/local/squid/var/logs/cache.log
this step working at my proxy server
Happy ...Slackware..... :)
create your squid.conf
for simple way you can edit the squid.conf
#cd /usr/local/squid/etc/
#nano squid.conf
find text bellow
======================================
# should be allowed
#acl localnet src 10.0.0.0/8 # RFC1918 possible internal network
#acl localnet src 172.16.0.0/12 # RFC1918 possible internal network
#acl localnet src 192.168.0.0/16 # RFC1918 possible internal network
-------------------------------------------------------------
add your acl at your network
-------------------------------------------------------------
acl localnet src 192.168.23.0/24
acl admin1 src 192.168.23.7/32
acl ipblock src 192.168.23.21/32
---------------------------------------------------------------
find text : # INSERT YOUR OWN RULE(S) HERE TO ALLOW ACCESS FROM YOUR CLIENTS
and add your acl site to block or allow
-----------------------------------------------------
acl company url_regex -i youtube.com
acl linux url_regex -i linux.com
http_access allow admin1 all
http_access deny ipblock company
http_access allow ipblock linux
http_access deny localnet all
=============================================
this squid.conf mean :
allow admin1 to all internet
deny ipblock(192.168.23.21) to see youtube.com
allow ipblock to see linux.com
linux
Selasa, 06 Maret 2012
Selasa, 28 Februari 2012
test koneksi di linux
for tes conection use ping to destination server :
for monitoring connection :
1. the sequance number ( green colour )
2.time ( blue colour )
3.packet loss ( yellow colour )
4.packet error ( pink colour )
root@<o000o>:/# ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.174 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.171 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.147 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.148 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.149 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.147/0.157/0.174/0.019 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65100 ttl=64 time=0.718 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65101 ttl=64 time=0.638 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65102 ttl=64 time=0.639 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65103 ttl=64 time=0.521 ms
--- 172.16.0.25 ping statistics ---
261711 packets transmitted, 261008 received, +198 errors, 0% packet loss, time 261709076ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.356/0.498/468.511/1.706 ms, pipe 3
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=625 ttl=64 time=0.562 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=626 ttl=64 time=0.546 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=627 ttl=64 time=0.548 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=628 ttl=64 time=0.971 ms
--- 172.16.0.25 ping statistics ---
628 packets transmitted, 602 received, 4% packet loss, time 626995ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.540/1.079/53.770/3.836 ms
root@<o000o>:/# ping -c 9 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.186 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.164 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.164 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 7999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.163/0.168/0.186/0.015 ms
ping for steess network :
root@<o000o>:/# ping -c 1000 -f -n 192.168.188.21
PING 192.168.188.21 (192.168.188.21) 56(84) bytes of data.
--- 192.168.188.21 ping statistics ---
1000 packets transmitted, 1000 received, 0% packet loss, time 661ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.509/0.647/2.210/0.164 ms, ipg/ewma 0.661/0.613 ms
stress network with large packet :
root@<o000o>:/# ping -s 512 -c 1000 -f -n 192.168.188.21
PING 192.168.188.21 (192.168.188.21) 512(540) bytes of data.
--- 192.168.188.21 ping statistics ---
1000 packets transmitted, 1000 received, 0% packet loss, time 1311ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.242/1.292/1.664/0.068 ms, ipg/ewma 1.313/1.339 ms
for recording route :
root@<o000o>:/# ping -c 2 -R 192.168.21.8
PING 192.168.21.8 (192.168.21.8) 56(124) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.21.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=8.65 ms
RR: 192.168.1.191
172.16.0.57
192.168.21.201
192.168.21.8
192.168.21.8
172.16.0.58
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.191
64 bytes from 192.168.21.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=8.66 ms (same route)
for monitoring connection :
1. the sequance number ( green colour )
2.time ( blue colour )
3.packet loss ( yellow colour )
4.packet error ( pink colour )
root@<o000o>:/# ping 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.174 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.171 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.147 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.148 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.149 ms
^C
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.147/0.157/0.174/0.019 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65100 ttl=64 time=0.718 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65101 ttl=64 time=0.638 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65102 ttl=64 time=0.639 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=65103 ttl=64 time=0.521 ms
--- 172.16.0.25 ping statistics ---
261711 packets transmitted, 261008 received, +198 errors, 0% packet loss, time 261709076ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.356/0.498/468.511/1.706 ms, pipe 3
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=625 ttl=64 time=0.562 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=626 ttl=64 time=0.546 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=627 ttl=64 time=0.548 ms
64 bytes from 172.16.0.25: icmp_seq=628 ttl=64 time=0.971 ms
--- 172.16.0.25 ping statistics ---
628 packets transmitted, 602 received, 4% packet loss, time 626995ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.540/1.079/53.770/3.836 ms
root@<o000o>:/# ping -c 9 192.168.1.1
PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.186 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.166 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.164 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.165 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=64 time=0.164 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=64 time=0.173 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=64 time=0.163 ms
--- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics ---
9 packets transmitted, 9 received, 0% packet loss, time 7999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.163/0.168/0.186/0.015 ms
ping for steess network :
root@<o000o>:/# ping -c 1000 -f -n 192.168.188.21
PING 192.168.188.21 (192.168.188.21) 56(84) bytes of data.
--- 192.168.188.21 ping statistics ---
1000 packets transmitted, 1000 received, 0% packet loss, time 661ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.509/0.647/2.210/0.164 ms, ipg/ewma 0.661/0.613 ms
stress network with large packet :
root@<o000o>:/# ping -s 512 -c 1000 -f -n 192.168.188.21
PING 192.168.188.21 (192.168.188.21) 512(540) bytes of data.
--- 192.168.188.21 ping statistics ---
1000 packets transmitted, 1000 received, 0% packet loss, time 1311ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.242/1.292/1.664/0.068 ms, ipg/ewma 1.313/1.339 ms
for recording route :
root@<o000o>:/# ping -c 2 -R 192.168.21.8
PING 192.168.21.8 (192.168.21.8) 56(124) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.21.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=8.65 ms
RR: 192.168.1.191
172.16.0.57
192.168.21.201
192.168.21.8
192.168.21.8
172.16.0.58
192.168.1.1
192.168.1.191
64 bytes from 192.168.21.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=62 time=8.66 ms (same route)
Senin, 20 Februari 2012
konsole xterm setting
to create monitoring for many server use xterm
create script like bellow with user non root
create file with name xtermtest
$nano xtermtest
#!/bin/sh
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title bandung -bg OliveDrab3 -e "ping 10.0.10.51" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title surabaya -bg chartreuse4 -e "ping 10.0.10.52" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title semarang -bg DarkOliveGreen -e "ping 10.0.10.53" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title makasar -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.54" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title medan -bg cyan4 -e "ping 10.0.10.55" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title solo -bg cyan4 -e "ping 10.0.10.56" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title bsd -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.57" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title puri -bg DarkOliveGreen -e "ping 10.0.10.58" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title malang -bg cyan4 -e "ping 10.0.10.59" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title pluit -bg chartreuse4 -e "ping 10.0.10.60" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title manado -bg OliveDrab3 -e "ping 10.0.10.61" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title pekanbaru -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.62" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title pontianak -bg DarkOliveGreen -e "ping 10.0.10.63" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title balikpapan -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.64" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title kelapagading -bg cyan4 -e "ping 192.168.21.8" &
$su -
password:
#chmod a+x xtermtest
$./xtermtest
enjoy your new konsole :)
for detail color you can see at http://critical.ch/xterm/
create script like bellow with user non root
create file with name xtermtest
$nano xtermtest
#!/bin/sh
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title bandung -bg OliveDrab3 -e "ping 10.0.10.51" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title surabaya -bg chartreuse4 -e "ping 10.0.10.52" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title semarang -bg DarkOliveGreen -e "ping 10.0.10.53" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title makasar -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.54" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title medan -bg cyan4 -e "ping 10.0.10.55" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title solo -bg cyan4 -e "ping 10.0.10.56" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title bsd -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.57" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title puri -bg DarkOliveGreen -e "ping 10.0.10.58" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title malang -bg cyan4 -e "ping 10.0.10.59" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title pluit -bg chartreuse4 -e "ping 10.0.10.60" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title manado -bg OliveDrab3 -e "ping 10.0.10.61" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title pekanbaru -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.62" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title pontianak -bg DarkOliveGreen -e "ping 10.0.10.63" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title balikpapan -bg SeaGreen4 -e "ping 10.0.10.64" &
sleep 1
xterm -geometry 65x8 -title kelapagading -bg cyan4 -e "ping 192.168.21.8" &
$su -
password:
#chmod a+x xtermtest
$./xtermtest
enjoy your new konsole :)
for detail color you can see at http://critical.ch/xterm/
Jumat, 17 Februari 2012
performance server
there are some item must be look at server performance
1.cpu
2.memory
3.Haddisk
4.ethernet
for first use nmon
1.cpu
2.memory
3.Haddisk
4.ethernet
for first use nmon
Senin, 13 Februari 2012
Linux beginner / Pemula
melihat lokasi
#pwd
melihat isi direktori
#ls
#ls -a
#ls -l
masuk ke direktori
cd nama_direktori
membuat direktori
mkdir nama_file
#pwd
melihat isi direktori
#ls
#ls -a
#ls -l
masuk ke direktori
cd nama_direktori
membuat direktori
mkdir nama_file
increase size mdadm
This just my note how to increase array raid from 54G to 80G
it was work without lost data
just follow this steps
it was work without lost data
just follow this steps
root@HO-1-231:~# fdisk -l | grep dev
Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdc doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sdd doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sda1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000396222464 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
root@HO-1-231:~# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5ce337a5.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5ce337a5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-243201, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-243201, default 243201): +50G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5ce337a5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdc1 1 6528 52436128+ 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5ce337a5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@HO-1-231:~# fdisk /dev/sdd
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x3c581631.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-243201, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-243201, default 243201): +50G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 6528 52436128+ 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@HO-1-231:~# fdisk -l | grep dev
Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a Valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sda1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000396222464 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdc1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdd1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
root@HO-1-231:~# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --verbose --level=raid1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc1 /dec/sdd1
mdadm: Cannot open /dec/sdd1: No such file or directory
mdadm: create aborted
root@HO-1-231:~# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --verbose --level=raid1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc1 /dev/sdd1
mdadm: size set to 52436032K
mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[>....................] resync = 1.1% (599232/52436032) finish=7.2min speed=119846K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[>....................] resync = 1.4% (755520/52436032) finish=9.1min speed=94440K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[>....................] resync = 2.6% (1403328/52436032) finish=8.4min speed=100237K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[>....................] resync = 3.2% (1691072/52436032) finish=9.5min speed=89003K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[>....................] resync = 4.7% (2512256/52436032) finish=10.2min speed=81040K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[=========>...........] resync = 46.1% (24198208/52436032) finish=8.0min speed=58504K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[===================>.] resync = 96.2% (50460544/52436032) finish=0.4min speed=66731K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] Sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:~# ls /mnt
README cdrecorder/ cdrom/ dvd/ floppy/ hd/ memory/ tmp/ zip/
root@HO-1-231:~# mkdir /mnt/md1
root@HO-1-231:~# mount /dev/md1 /mnt/md1
mount: you must specify the filesystem type
root@HO-1-231:~# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/md1
warning: device is not properly aligned /dev/md1
meta-data=/dev/md1 isize=256 agcount=16, agsize=819313 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2
data = bsize=4096 blocks=13109008, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=6400, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
root@HO-1-231:~# mount /dev/md1 /mnt/md1
root@HO-1-231:~# mc
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1# exit
exit
root@HO-1-231:~# cd /mnt/md1
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1# ls
siapsrv/
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1# ls
siapsrv/
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1# cd siapsrv/
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# ls
grub2/ grub2.tar.gz monmdadm/ postgresql-9.0.4.tar.gz rc.pg_reload* rc.pg_start* rc.pg_stop*
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# mv rc.pg_reload testt
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# ls
grub2/ grub2.tar.gz monmdadm/ postgresql-9.0.4.tar.gz rc.pg_start* rc.pg_stop* testt*
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# md5
md5pass md5sum
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# ls
grub2/ grub2.tar.gz monmdadm/ postgresql-9.0.4.tar.gz rc.pg_start* rc.pg_stop* testt*
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# md5sum testt > md5sum
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# ls
grub2/ grub2.tar.gz md5sum monmdadm/ postgresql-9.0.4.tar.gz rc.pg_start* rc.pg_stop* testt*
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# mc
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# exit
exit
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# mdadm /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sdc1 --remove /dev/sdc1
mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md1
mdadm: hot remove failed for /dev/sdc1: Device or resource busy
root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# cd /
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sdc1 --remove /dev/sdc1
mdadm: set /dev/sdc1 faulty in /dev/md1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdc1
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1]
52436032 blocks [2/1] [_U]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/# fdisk -l | grep dev
Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sda1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000396222464 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdc1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdd1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md1: 53.7 GB, 53694496768 bytes
root@HO-1-231:/# fdisk /dev/sdc
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5ce337a5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5ce337a5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-243201, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-243201, default 243201): +84G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5ce337a5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 10968 88092396+ 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x5ce337a5
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 10968 88092396+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@HO-1-231:/# fdisk -l | grep dev
Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/md1 doesn't contain a valid partition table
Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sda1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdb: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdb1 1 243201 1953512001 fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000396222464 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdc1 1 10968 88092396+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
/dev/sdd1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Disk /dev/md1: 53.7 GB, 53694496768 bytes
root@HO-1-231:/#
root@HO-1-231:/# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/root 1.9T 165G 1.7T 9% /
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/md1 50G 25M 50G 1% /mnt/md1
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/sdc1
mdadm: added /dev/sdc1
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdd1[1]
52436032 blocks [2/1] [_U]
[>....................] recovery = 0.8% (460928/52436032) finish=13.1min speed=65846K/sec
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdc1[2] sdd1[1]
52436032 blocks [2/1] [_U]
[============>........] recovery = 61.8% (32446976/52436032) finish=5.1min speed=65110K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdc1[0] sdd1[1]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm /dev/md1 --fail /dev/sdd1 --remove /dev/sdd1
mdadm: set /dev/sdd1 faulty in /dev/md1
mdadm: hot removed /dev/sdd1
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/1] [U_]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/# fdisk /dev/sdd
The device presents a logical sector size that is smaller than
the physical sector size. Aligning to a physical sector (or optimal
I/O) size boundary is recommended, or performance may be impacted.
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 6528 52436128+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-243201, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-243201, default 243201): +84G
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 10968 88092396+ 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 10968 88092396+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdd: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x3c581631
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdd1 1 10968 88092396+ fd Linux raid autodetect
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm /dev/md1 -a /dev/sdd1
mdadm: added /dev/sdd1
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[2] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/1] [U_]
[===============>.....] recovery = 76.3% (40046528/52436032) finish=3.1min speed=66193K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[2] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/1] [U_]
[===================>.] recovery = 97.1% (50961088/52436032) finish=0.3min speed=68716K/sec
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [linear] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [multipath]
md1 : active raid1 sdd1[1] sdc1[0]
52436032 blocks [2/2] [UU]
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[0]
1953511936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
unused devices: <none>
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm --detail /dev/md0 | grep -e 'Array Size' -e 'Device Size'
Array Size : 1953511936 (1863.01 GiB 2000.40 GB)
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | grep -e 'Array Size' -e 'Device Size'
Array Size : 52436032 (50.01 GiB 53.69 GB)
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm --detail /dev/md1
/dev/md1:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Thu Feb 2 20:07:41 2012
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 52436032 (50.01 GiB 53.69 GB)
Used Dev Size : 52436032 (50.01 GiB 53.69 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 1
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Thu Feb 2 21:09:54 2012
State : clean
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
UUID : d2a575b9:b98dd42f:473eda47:d8152018
Events : 0.122
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1
1 8 49 1 active sync /dev/sdd1
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | grep -e 'Array Size' -e 'Used Dev Size'
Array Size : 52436032 (50.01 GiB 53.69 GB)
Used Dev Size : 52436032 (50.01 GiB 53.69 GB)
root@HO-1-231:/# mdadm --grow /dev/md1 -z maxroot@HO-1-231:/# mdadm --detail /dev/md1 | grep -e 'Array Size' -e 'Used Dev Size'
Array Size : 88092288 (84.01 GiB 90.21 GB)
Used Dev Size : 88092288 (84.01 GiB 90.21 GB)root@HO-1-231:/# mount /dev/root on / type xfs (rw,relatime,attr2,noquota) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) usbfs on /proc/bus/usb type usbfs (rw) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/md1 on /mnt/md1 type xfs (rw) root@HO-1-231:/# resize2fs /dev/md1 resize2fs 1.41.11 (14-Mar-2010) resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md1 Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
root@HO-1-231:/# mc root@HO-1-231:/mnt/md1/siapsrv# exit exit root@HO-1-231:/# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 1.9T 165G 1.7T 9% / tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/md1 50G 25M 50G 1% /mnt/md1
root@HO-1-231:/# xfs_growfs /mnt/md1
meta-data=/dev/md1 isize=256 agcount=16, agsize=819313 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2
data = bsize=4096 blocks=13109008, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=6400, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 13109008 to 22023072root@HO-1-231:/# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/root 1.9T 165G 1. T 9% / tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/md1 84G 26M 84G 1% /mnt/md1
root@HO-1-231:/#md5sum -c md5sum
ok
Kamis, 19 Januari 2012
compress
How can I compress a whole directory under Linux / UNIX using a shell prompt?A. It is very easy to compress a Whole Linux/UNIX directory. It is useful to backup files, email all files, or even to send software you have created to friends. Technically, it is called as a compressed archive. GNU tar command is best for this work. It can be use on remote Linux or UNIX server. It does two things for you:
=> Create the archive
=> Compress the archive
You need to use tar command as follows (syntax of tar command):
tar -zcvf archive-name.tar.gz directory-name
Where,
Above command will create an archive file called prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz in current directory. If you wish to restore your archive then you need to use following command (it will extract all files in current directory):
Where,
=> Create the archive
=> Compress the archive
You need to use tar command as follows (syntax of tar command):
tar -zcvf archive-name.tar.gz directory-name
Where,
- -z: Compress archive using gzip program
- -c: Create archive
- -v: Verbose i.e display progress while creating archive
- -f: Archive File name
$ tar -zcvf prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz /home/jerry/progAbove command will create an archive file called prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz in current directory. If you wish to restore your archive then you need to use following command (it will extract all files in current directory):
$ tar -zxvf prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gzWhere,
- -x: Extract files
$ tar -zxvf prog-1-jan-2005.tar.gz -C /tmp
$ cd /tmp
$ ls -
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